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Python 2.7 quick reference

28.1. `math`: Common mathematical operations

This module provides the usual basic transcendental mathematical functions. All trig functions use angles in radians. (For a similar set of functions using the complex number system, see the Python library documentation for the cmath module.)

The math module has two constant attributes:

`pi`	The constant 3.14159...
`e`	The base of natural logarithms, 2.71828...

Functions in this module include:

`acos(x)`	Angle (in radians) whose cosine is `x`, that is, arccosine of `x`.
`acosh(x)`	Inverse hyperbolic cosine of `x`
`asin(x)`	Arcsine of `x`.
`asinh(x)`	Inverse hyperbolic sine of `x`
`atan(x)`	Arctangent of `x`.
`atanh(x)`	Inverse hyperbolic tangent of `x`
`atan2(y,x)`	Angle whose slope is `y/x`, even if `x` is zero.
`ceil(x)`	True ceiling function, defined as the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to `x`. For example, `ceil(3.9)` yields 4.0, while `ceil(-3.9)` yields -3.0.
`cos(x)`	Cosine of `x`, where `x` is expressed in radians.
`cosh(x)`	Hyperbolic cosine of `x`.
`degrees(x`	For `x` in radians, returns that angle in degrees.
`erf(x)`	Error function.
`erfc(x)`	Error function complement.
`exp(x)`	`e` to the `x` power.
`fabs(x`	Returns the absolute value of `x` as a `float` value.
`factorial(n)`	Returns the factorial of `n`, which must be a nonnegative integer.
`floor(x)`	True floor function, defined as the largest integer that is less than or equal to `x`. For example, `floor(3.9)` is 3.0, and `floor(-3.9)` is -4.0.
`fmod(x,y)`	Returns `(x-int(x/y)*y)`.
`frexp(x)`	For a float value `x`, returns a tuple `(m, e)` where `m` is the mantissa and `e` is the exponent. For `x=0.0`, it returns `(0.0, 0)`; otherwise, `abs(m)` is a float in the half-open interval [0.5, 1) and `e` is an integer, such that `x == m2*e`.
`gamma(x)`	Gamma function.
`hypot(x,y)`	The square root of (`x`²+`y`²).
`ldexp(x, i)`	Returns `x * (2**i)`. This is the inverse of `frexp()`.
`lgamma(x)`	Natural log of `abs(gamma(x))`.
`log(x[, b)`	With one argument, returns the natural log of `x`. With the second argument, returns the log of `x` to the base `b`.
`log10(x)`	Common log (base 10) of `x`.
`modf(x)`	Returns a tuple `(f, i)` where `f` is the fractional part of `x`, `i` is the integral part (as a float), and both have the same sign as `x`.
`radians(x)`	For `x` in degrees, returns that angle in radians.
`sin(x)`	Sine of `x`.
`sinh(x)`	Hyperbolic sine of `x`.
`sqrt(x)`	Square root of `x`.
`tan(x)`	Tangent of `x`.
`tanh(x)`	Hyperbolic tangent of `x`.

Next: 28.2. string: Utility functions for strings

Contents: Python 2.7 quick reference

Previous: 28. Commonly used modules

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John W. Shipman

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Last updated: 2013-04-24 13:51

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